Under the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, what is the procedure for raising an individual industrial dispute concerning an employee and employer?

The Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, establishes a structured grievance redressal mechanism: (1) employee raises dispute through union representation, (2) conciliation officer attempts amicable settlement within 14 days, (3) if conciliation fails, either party can seek reference to Industrial Tribunal/Labour Court. Sections 10-12 provide for government referral of disputes to tribunals. Individual workers are protected from victimization for raising grievances. The Act prohibits strikes/lockouts without following prescribed procedures. Tribunals have powers to reinstate wrongfully dismissed workers, award compensation, and modify conditions of service. This system aims to protect worker interests while maintaining industrial peace.