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    Question

    In the landmark case Dilip Mitra v. State of West Bengal

    (2011), the Supreme Court addressed the recording of confessions by Magistrates and the safeguards required to ensure voluntariness. The Court established that: Which principle regarding confessional statements was established in Dilip Mitra v. State of West Bengal?
    A Confessions recorded by police officers are admissible if recorded in the presence of witnesses. Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
    B Magistrates must satisfy themselves that confessions are voluntary by questioning the accused and examining for indications of duress or coercion. Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
    C Confessions recorded without following procedural safeguards are admissible if the accused later confirms them in Court. Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
    D Video recording of confessions is unnecessary if written confessions are signed by the Magistrate. Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
    E Confessions made outside the presence of a Magistrate can be used as evidence if corroborated by other evidence. Correct Answer Incorrect Answer

    Solution

    In Dilip Mitra v. State of West Bengal (2011), the Supreme Court reiterated that Magistrates must ensure confessions are voluntary by scrutinizing whether the accused appears to have been subjected to duress, coercion, or inducement. The Magistrate must question the accused before and after recording to satisfy themselves of voluntariness. This landmark decision emphasizes the Magistrate's role as a guardian of constitutional rights and requires substantive judicial examination, not merely mechanical recording. These principles are reflected in BNSS Section 183, which requires the Magistrate to explain the person's rights and satisfy themselves of voluntariness before recording any confession.

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