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The concept of ‘Holding Out’ is merely an application of the principle of estoppel, which in itself is a rule of evidence wherein a person is prevented or estopped from denying a statement he made or existence of facts that he makes another person believe. Holding out refers to a course of action or omission which leads others to believe that the person possesses an authority which in fact he doesn’t. In simple terms, if a person represents or knowingly permits others that he is a partner of a particular firm, and some other person carried on some transaction believing him to be a partner of the firm, then he is estopped from denying this representation later on. The concept of holding out has been provided under section 28 of the Indian Partnership Act, 1932 and section 29 of Limited Liability Partnership Act, 2008. These sections state that a person is held liable as a partner by holding out if the given conditions are fulfilled.
Statement:
Some cables are wires.
All wires are plugs.
Conclusion:
Some cables are plugs.
All wires are plugs.
Statements:
Only Beginners is Race
No Starter is Beginners
All Awards re Beginners
Conclusions:
I. All Beginners bein...
Statements: All school are college.
Some college are not institutions.
All institutions are university.
Conclusions: I. some ...
Statements:
Each Local is Town.
Some Towns are State.
No Town is Village.
Conclusions:
I: No Local is Village.
II: Some State are Locals.
Some plastics are not elastics. Some rubbers are not fibres. Some elastics are not fibres.
Statement:
Few Doors are not window.
All windows are table.
Only a few tables are chair.
Conclusion:
I. All do...
Statements:
Some pen are pencil
No pencil is a mobile
All mobile are laptop
Conclusion:
I. All pen can never be mobile
II. Some laptop can be pen
Statements:
Some nails are toes.
Some fingers are hands.
No hand is a nail.
Conclusions:
I. Some fingers are not nails.
II. All nails can be fingers.
In the following question, three statements are given each followed by two conclusions I and II. You have to consider the statements to be true even if...
Two statements are given followed by three conclusions numbered I, II, and III assuming the statements to be true, even if they seem to be at variance...
