Which OOP concept ensures that the internal details of an object are hidden from the outside world, providing a clear interface for interaction?

Encapsulation is a cornerstone of OOP that enforces data hiding by restricting direct access to an object’s internal state. 1. Data Protection: By using access modifiers (e.g., private, protected), encapsulation shields sensitive data from external manipulation. 2. Clear Interfaces: Through getter and setter methods, encapsulation provides controlled interaction with an object’s data, ensuring integrity and security. 3. Modularity: Encapsulation helps developers manage code complexity by compartmentalizing data and behavior within distinct classes. Thus, encapsulation creates a robust framework for managing dependencies and ensuring secure object interactions. Why Other Options Are Incorrect: • A) Abstraction: Focuses on hiding implementation details but differs by emphasizing interface design. • B) Polymorphism: Deals with dynamic behavior and method variability, unrelated to data hiding. • D) Inheritance: Describes property/method sharing between classes, not encapsulation. • E) Composition: Involves constructing objects using other objects, unrelated to access control.