Question
Which of the following scenarios illustrates runtime
polymorphism?Solution
Runtime polymorphism (or dynamic method dispatch) occurs when a method's implementation is determined at runtime. This is achieved using method overriding in OOP. A derived class overrides a method of the base class, and the method to execute is determined by the type of the object being referenced at runtime. Example: class Animal { void sound() { System.out.println("Animal makes a sound"); }} class Dog extends Animal { void sound() { System.out.println("Dog barks"); }} public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { Animal animal = new Dog(); // Base class reference pointing to a derived class object animal.sound(); // Outputs: Dog barks }} Why Other Options Are Incorrect: 1. Method with the same name but different parameters within the same class: This is compile-time polymorphism (method overloading), not runtime polymorphism. 2. Default arguments in methods: Default arguments provide flexibility but are unrelated to polymorphism. They simplify method calls without changing the behavior based on the object’s runtime type. 3. Static methods for shared functionality: Static methods are class-level and cannot participate in runtime polymorphism, as they are resolved at compile time. 4. Constructor with a parameter list in the derived class: Constructors are not polymorphic as they do not inherit or override behavior in OOP.
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