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    Question

    In Object-Oriented Programming, which of the following Java

    code snippets correctly demonstrates inheritance ? class Animal {                                            void sound () {         System.out.println( "Animal makes a sound" );     }} class Dog extends Animal {     void sound () {         System.out.println( "Dog barks" );     }}
    A The Dog class correctly overrides the sound() method from the Animal class. Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
    B The Dog class cannot override the sound() method from the Animal class. Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
    C The Dog class is inheriting the sound() method from the Animal class but not overriding it. Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
    D The Animal class should be an abstract class to allow method overriding Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
    E The Dog class should not inherit from Animal. Correct Answer Incorrect Answer

    Solution

    In this code, the Dog class inherits from the Animal class, and it overrides the sound() method. This is a clear example of inheritance and method overriding in object-oriented programming. Let's break down the code and explain why A is correct and the other options are wrong: ·         Explanation of Correct Option (A): The Dog class extends the Animal class, which means it inherits the sound() method from Animal . However, Dog provides its own version of sound() , printing "Dog barks" instead of "Animal makes a sound". This is method overriding : a subclass providing a specific implementation of a method that was already defined in its superclass. Method overriding allows the subclass to provide its own version of the inherited method. ·         Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:

      • The Dog class cannot override the sound() method from the Animal class: This is incorrect because the Dog class is allowed to override the sound() method from Animal . Inheritance and overriding are core principles of object-oriented programming in Java.
      • The Dog class is inheriting the sound() method from the Animal class but not overriding it: This is incorrect because the Dog class does indeed override the sound() method. It provides a new implementation for that method, which is characteristic of method overriding.
      • The Animal class should be an abstract class to allow method overriding: This is incorrect. The Animal class does not need to be abstract for its methods to be overridden. Regular (non-abstract) methods can be overridden in Java.
      • The Dog class should not inherit from Animal : This is incorrect because it is logical for a Dog to inherit from an Animal , as all dogs are animals. This reflects real-world relationships and follows the principles of inheritance in OOP.

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