In systems design, which of the following techniques is used to break down complex systems into smaller, more manageable components?

Modularity is the process of breaking down a system into smaller, self-contained modules or components, each of which can be developed, tested, and maintained independently. This simplifies complex systems by allowing focus on individual parts without losing sight of the overall structure. Why Other Options are Wrong: a) Encapsulation hides internal details but does not break systems into modules. c) Polymorphism allows objects to be treated as instances of their parent class but does not break systems into components. d) Abstraction hides complexity but is not the same as breaking down a system. e) Inheritance is about creating a new class from an existing one, not breaking down systems.