Answer-Which of the following statements is true about energy bands in solids?

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In solids, the electrical conductivity depends on the arrangement and occupancy of energy bands. In conductors (metals) , the valence band and conduction band overlap , allowing electrons to move freely even without external energy. This overlap explains their high conductivity, as electrons are readily available for conduction. ●      (A) Incorrect : Metals do not have a large forbidden energy gap; in fact, they have no gap or the bands overlap , allowing free electron movement.

●      (C) Incorrect : Insulators have a large forbidden energy gap (typically >5 eV), not zero. Zero gap would imply high conductivity.

●      (D) Incorrect : At 0 K , semiconductors have a completely filled valence band and an empty conduction band . The conduction band becomes partially filled only at higher temperatures due to thermal excitation.

Thus, option (B) correctly describes the band structure of conductors.

Which of the following statements is true about energy bands in solids?

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