Which of the following statements is/are true? 1. Generally, an unbalanced gender ratio is found in India's northern cities. 2.In contrast to centralization of western cities. 3. In the South, due to a low number of female Christians in the labor force and high literacy rate, wider participation of women. 4. In the western cities of India, there is lower migration from rural regions/areas. Choose the correct answer from the codes given below:

• Statement 1: It is true that northern cities of India (such as in Haryana, Punjab, and Himachal Pradesh) tend to have an unbalanced gender ratio, with a significant gender disparity. • Statement 2: It is true that western cities (like Mumbai, Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Pune) are more centralized in terms of urban development, unlike the scattered cities in the eastern parts of India. • Statement 3: This statement is incorrect because while southern cities may have a relatively high literacy rate and participation of women in the labor force, the number of female Christians in the labor force is low. The participation rate of women in cities like Chennai is not as high as suggested by this statement. • Statement 4: This is true, as western cities generally experience less migration from rural areas compared to eastern cities where migration rates are higher. Thus, the correct combination is 1, 2 & 4.