Which among the following countries is/are NOT a member of the QUAD (Quadrilateral Security Dialogue)?

About QUAD (Quadrilateral Security Dialogue): • The Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (QUAD) is a strategic forum comprising four Indo-Pacific democracies: India, the United States, Japan, and Australia. Origin & History: • The idea of the QUAD was first proposed in 2007 by Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, supported by then U.S. Vice President Dick Cheney, Australian Prime Minister John Howard, and Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh. • It emerged in response to increasing challenges in the Indo-Pacific region, especially regarding maritime security, freedom of navigation, and maintaining a rules-based international order. Main Objectives: 1. To ensure free and open Indo-Pacific. 2. To promote democratic values, economic cooperation, and technological innovation. 3. To collaborate on climate change, disaster response, vaccine distribution, and infrastructure development. 4. To counterbalance growing Chinese influence in the Indo-Pacific region (though not officially stated as an “anti-China” alliance). Key Features: • It is not a military alliance, but rather a strategic partnership. • QUAD members hold annual summits and conduct joint naval exercises known as Exercise Malabar. • The forum emphasizes peace, stability, and economic progress in the Indo-Pacific