Consider the following statements:

1. By the early nineteenth century British carried out detailed surveys.

2. The effort was to know the topography, the soil quality, the flora, the fauna, the logical histories and the cropping pattern.

Which of these statements is/are correct?

Solution

The British gave much importance to the practice of surveying because they believed that a country had to be properly known before it could be effectively administered. Therefore, they carried out detailed surveys by the early 19^th century in order to map the entire country: • They conducted revenue surveys in villages. • They made efforts to know the topography, the soil quality, the flora, the fauna, the local histories and the cropping pattern. • They also introduced census operations, held at the interval of every ten years from the end of the 19^th  century. • They prepared detailed records of the number of people in all the provinces of India, nothing information on castes, religions and occupation separately • The British also carried on several other surveys such as botanical surveys, zoological surveys, archaeological surveys, forest surveys, etc. In this way, they gathered all the facts that were essential for administering a country.