Consider the following statements regarding India’s updated Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs): 1.    India aims to reduce the Emissions Intensity of its GDP by 45% by 2030, from the 2005 level. 2.    By 2030, India seeks to achieve 50% cumulative electric power installed capacity from non-fossil fuel-based energy resources. 3.    The creation of additional carbon sink of 2.5 to 3 billion tonnes of CO2 equivalent through additional forest and tree cover is a NDC of India. Which of the statements given above is/are incorrect?

Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) 1.    India submitted its first NDC to UNFCCC in October 2015. This was updated in August 2022. 2.    The 2015 NDC comprised eight goals, three of which were quantitative targets to be achieved up to 2030. 3.    The three targets included cumulative electric power installed capacity from non-fossil sources to reach 40%, reduction in the emissions intensity of GDP by 33 to 35% compared to 2005 levels, and creation of additional carbon sink of 2.5 to 3 billion tonnes of CO2 equivalent through additional forest and tree cover. 4.    Article 4 of the Paris Agreement provides that each Party shall communicate or update its NDC every five years. 5.    India’s revised NDCs are: To reduce the Emissions Intensity of its GDP by 45% by 2030, from the 2005 level. Hence, statement 1 is correct. To achieve about 50% cumulative electric power installed capacity from non-fossil fuel-based energy resources by 2030, with the help of the transfer of technology and low-cost international finance, including from the Green Climate Fund (GCF). Hence, statement 2 is correct.