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The Z-score formula for predicting bankruptcy was published in 1968 by Edward I Altman The original Z-score formula was as follows: Z = 1.2X1 + 1.4X2 + 3.3X3 + 0.6X4 + 1.0X5. X1 = working capital / total assets. Measures liquid assets in relation to the size of the company. X2 = retained earnings / total assets. Measures profitability that reflects the company's age and earning power. X3 = earnings before interest and taxes / total assets. Measures operating efficiency apart from tax and leveraging factors. It recognizes operating earnings as being important to long-term viability. X4 = market value of equity/book value of total liabilities. Adds market dimension that can show up security price fluctuation as a possible red flag. X5 = sales / total assets. The standard measure for total asset turnover (varies greatly from industry to industry).
The treatment of seeds with rhizobium culture and fungicides is done in?
Grodex test is used in the determination of
For how long can a certified seed be used?
Minimum isolation distance for the production of foundation seed of rice is
What is the validity period of the seed certificate after tagging?
Which part of sugarcane is preferred for sowing?
Pungency in mustard is due to ______ chemical.
Seed rate in true potato seed (TPS) of potato is
What is the minimum isolation distance for certified sorghum hybrid seed production?
Seed germination is inhibited by ____ light.
