In the sentence, certain words are in bold and numbered

Solution

However, there are countries that point to the decades of attempts made on these lines, with limited gains. To add to that, more evidence has piled up that plastic, non-biodegradable as it is, is making its way into human, animal and marine food systems. Island-nations and territories are swamped by plastic waste washing up on their shores." Explanation The original sentence has two key logical errors:

• "Decades of waste made on these lines" is grammatically incorrect and doesn't make sense. The word "attempts" fits here, referring to the repeated efforts to address the problem.
• "Swamped by plastic attempts " is also nonsensical. Islands are physically overwhelmed by the accumulated plastic waste .