Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana (PMMV

Please read the following passage and answer the questions (Q no 11-14). Maternal health is a critical aspect of public health in India, as it directly affects the well-being of mothers and newborns. Ensuring healthy pregnancies, safe childbirth, and postnatal care is essential for reducing maternal and infant mortality rates and fostering healthier communities. India has made significant progress in reducing its maternal mortality rate (MMR), but challenges remain. Maternal health programs, such as the Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana (PMMVY) and Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY), aim to provide financial support, access to healthcare, and institutional deliveries. These initiatives have been pivotal in saving lives, especially in rural and underdeveloped areas where healthcare infrastructure is weak. A mother's health directly influences the survival and health of her child. Poor maternal nutrition and lack of antenatal care can lead to complications during pregnancy, low birth weight, and increased risk of infant mortality. By focusing on maternal health, India can reduce the incidence of preventable diseases and ensure better developmental outcomes for children.